FHWA: Making Our Roads Safer One Countermeasure at a Time

https://safety.fhwa.dot.gov/ provencountermeasures. ROADWAY DEPARTURE | PROVEN SAFETY COUNTERMEASURES 4. Roadside Design Improvements Roadside design improvement at curves is a strategy encompassing several treatments that target the high-risk roadside environment along the outside of at Curves horizontal curves. These treatments prevent roadway departure fatalities by giving vehicles the opportunity to recover safely and by reducing crash severity. Roadside design improvements can be implemented alone or in combination and are particularly recommended at horizontal curves—where data indicates a higher-risk for roadway departure fatalities—and where cost efectiveness can be maximized. 80% of all fatal crashes at curves are roadway departure crashes Increasing the Clear Zone prevents crashes 3.3 ft 16.7 ft 30 ft +22% CRASH REDUCTION +44% CRASH REDUCTION 3.3 ft 16.7 ft 30 ft +22% CRASH REDUCTION + 4% CRASH REDUCTION Source: Leidos. Data Source: CMF Clearinghouse (CMF IDs 35 and 36) SAFETY BENEFIT: 27% of all fatal crashes occur at curves Roadside Design Improvements to Provide for a Safe Recovery In cases where a vehicle leaves the roadway, strategic roadside design elements, including clear zone addition or widening, slope flattening, and shoulder addition or widening, can provide drivers with an opportunity to regain control and re-enter the roadway. A clear zone is an unobstructed, traversable area beyond the edge of the through traveled way for the recovery of errant vehicles. Clear zones are free of rigid fixed objects such as trees and utility cabinets or poles. AASHTO’s Roadside Design Guide details the clear zone width adjustment factors to be applied at horizontal curves. Slope flattening reduces the steepnessof the sideslope to increasedrivers’ ability tokeep the vehicle stable, regaincontrol of the vehicle, andavoidobstacles. Adding or widening shoulders gives drivers more recovery area to regain control in the event of a roadway departure. Roadside Design Improvements to Reduce Crash Severity Since not all roadside hazards can be removed at curves, installing roadside barriers to shield unmovable objects or embankments may be an appropriate treatment. Roadside barriers come in three forms: Cable barrier is a flexible barrier made from wire rope supported between frangible posts. Guardrail is a semi-rigid barrier, usually either a steel box beam or W-beam. These deflect less than flexible barriers, so they can be located closer to objects where space is limited. Concrete barrier is a rigid barrier that does not deflect. These are typically reserved for use on divided roadways. Shoulder is provided along roadway curve. Source: Alaska DOT Source: Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS)